U Bo sits on the floor of his bamboo hut and puts away a plastic tray covered with a small heap of what looks like sticky, brown tar. This is the day’s opium harvest, which he and his family scraped off the bulbs of their two-acre field of poppies.

His farm, at the foot of a lush mountain, in eastern Myanmar’s Shan state, includes another two acres of rice. Opium will provide his family of seven in Pe Kin village with much-needed cash – his 6kg of opium could fetch about $1,800 (£1,250) – while the paddy provides food.

“We grow poppies because other [cash] crops don’t grow well here. Corn is not good with the poor soil and weather,” says U Bo, 57, a farmer from the Kayan ethnic group.

“I spend most of the money [from opium] on sending my children to school, the rest I use to plant fruit trees,” he says. The opium is sold through a network of secret traders.

Keep up-to-date with drug policy developments by subscribing to the IDPC Monthly Alert.

The opium bulbs of Myanmar: drug crop or lifeline for poor farmers?

There was praise for the bold goals in the political declaration adopted by the 193-national General Assembly at the United Nations High-Level Meeting on Ending AIDS on 8-10 June, but there was also widespread condemnation of the decision to include only limited references in the declaration to those most at risk of contracting HIV – men who have sex with men, sex workers, transgender people, and people who inject drugs – and to services for these populations.

The problems started before the conference even got underway when, as reported by the Associated Press, Russia, Cameroon, Tanzania and 51 Muslim countries blocked 22 NGOs representing key and vulnerable populations, primarily of gay and transgendered groups, from attending the conference.

In the declaration, countries pledged to end AIDS by 2030. They committed to ensuring that 30 million people living with HIV have access to treatment by 2020. They also committed to reducing the number of new HIV infections to below 500,000 a year by 2020, down from 2.1 million in 2015, and bringing the number of annual AIDS-related deaths to under half a million in 2020, from 1.1 million last year.

U.N. political declaration on HIV contains bold goals, but key populations excluded

 is a broad platform for a structured dialogue between the European Commission and civil society organisations which supports policy formulation and implementation through practical advice.

As part of its current work, the CSFD is interested in civil society engagement in national drug policies. With this in mind, we have created a questionnaire for civil society organisations across Europe to tell us what they think. The questionnaire will take no longer than 20 minutes to complete, and is available 

. The CSFD hopes to get input from a large number of civil society organisations across Europe.

The deadline for filling in the survey is 

. The information you provide will be used in developing a report for the CSFD, which will:

provide an analysis of the current state of play with regard to civil society engagement in national policy structures,

highlight models of what can work in the area of civil society engagement, such that civil society organisations can identify models which may suit them,

describe linkages between national and EU structures in a way that is useful for civil society organisations

make concrete recommendations to the European Commission regarding effective CS engagement at a national level

If you have any questions, please email: 

Survey by the Civil Society Forum on Drugs‏

In the recently concluded Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGASS) on the World Drug Problem, 2016, a shift towards a "humane solution" was mooted, emphasizing that the international community should focus beyond criminalization and enforcement in order to initiate an effective drug policy. This special session on drugs, which comes after a long break of 18 years, has been considered monumental for its clear statement demanding a move away from the hardline, prohibitionist approach towards drugs. Several countries, including those worst affected by international drug trafficking and drug-related violence, like Mexico, Columbia, and Guatemala, argued for decriminalization of drugs, pointing to past experiences where repressive treatment towards drug problem have proved counterproductive. India, however, represented by its Finance Minister Mr Arun Jaitley, made a statement urging the global community to toughen its collective fight against drug trafficking and its network with terrorists.

UNGASS 2016: nations call for a humane approach to drug problem, but is India listening?

The Public Defender declared that imprisonment of drug users should be unconstitutional and on June 15, 2016 filed a lawsuit to the Constitutional Court, in which he disputes the constitutionality of article 45 of the Code of Administrative Offences and article 273 of the Criminal Code of Georgia. According to the Public Defender, the use of drugs without doctor's prescription is punished by a 15-day administrative detention, while in the repeated case drug users are punished by a fine of up to 1000 GEL and a 1-year jail, which is not in line with the public threat and interest that may be caused by the actions envisaged by the mentioned articles, and therefore, is in breach to paragraphs 1 and 2 of article 17 of the Constitution of Georgia, pertaining to protection of a person from degrading and inhuman punishment.

In addition the Public defender’s statement notes that a necessary element of a crime envisaged by article 273 of the Criminal Code of Georgia is an action, for which a person had already been held responsible; this is contrary to the principle of prohibition of repeated punishment of a person for one and the same crime, enshrined in article 42 of the Constitution of Georgia - "No one shall be convicted twice for the same offense."

Georgia: New era of drug policy change lawsuits in the Constitutional Court

"The issue about drug policies is that nothing is simple: It's all based on ideology. So we have international drug control conventions and the international drug control regime that is still very much promoting a war on drugs approach. But governments or some parts of governments are now moving forward. The UNGASS that took place in April has shown that there is a division now between countries. Some of them want to have a new approach that is very pragmatic, healthy and human-rights based but you have still quite of few countries that still promote war on drugs approach."

Voice of Islam Breakfast Radio Show on drug policy

By King-Oua Laohong and Anucha Charoenpo - Bangkok Post

Justice Minister Paiboon Koomchaya has proposed that ya ba (methamphetamines) be taken off the dangerous illicit narcotics list and put under the normal drugs category as current measures to suppress the drugs have failed.

However, if and when the drugs are to be taken off the list, all agencies will have to work out measures to ensure that the distribution, sale and use of the drugs are strictly controlled, Gen Paiboon said.

He made the proposal Wednesday at a meeting which discussed the results of the 2016 UN General Assembly Special Session on Drugs (UNGASS), adapting the recommendations to deal with drug problems in Thailand. The Supreme Court president Veerapol Tungsuwan was a speaker at the meeting and he echoed Gen Paiboon's opinion.

Keep up-to-datewith drug policy developments by subscribing to the IDPC Monthly Alert.

Thai regime favours ending war on methamphetamine

In late spring of 2016, a team of EHRN and DUNewsrepresentatives visited six cities in the Baltic States: Vilnius, Kaunas, Visaginas, Riga, Tallinn and Tartu. We covered about 2,000 km and met with community representatives, harm reduction program staff, high-level officials and representatives of the academic community. We wanted to obtain first-hand information about how the Baltic drug policy worked in practice. We wanted to understand how statements made by these countries’ representatives from the rostrum of the Special Session of the UN General Assembly on the world drug problem correspond to the realities of people who use drugs and NGOs that run harm reduction programs.

For example, the Minister of Health of Lithuania stated at the Special Session that his country recognized the effectiveness of harm reduction programs and was ready to promote those programs in the region. However, when we visited the town of Visaginas, situated 140 km away from Vilnius, we learned that funding for the needle exchange program was minimal and usually came with a five-month delay. If the program does not secure permanent funding before December this year, this long-existing program will have to close. An OST program in Visaginas has never opened despite the huge demand for it in the city that holds a "leading" position in the country in terms of its level of drug use.

2000 km of Baltic drug policies: from Vilnius to Tallinn

A Brazilian minister has called for an intensification of the War on Drugs, arguing that harsher punishments will reduce drug use.

Earlier this week, Osmar Terra - who was appointed Minister of Social Development in May 2016 – claimed in a conversation with O Globo that Brazil has “never seriously waged a war on drugs”. He called for increased border control, stricter penalties for drug trafficking, and educational campaigns, to combat the country’s rising drug use.

The Brooking Institute reports that cocaine use in Brazil has "more than doubled since 2005", and attributes this to an increasingly urban and affluent population with disposable income. Terra claimed that decriminalising drug possession would set a dangerous precedent for the eventual legalisation of substances, and that without “some kind of punishment, [people who use drugs] will consume more”.

Thumbnail: Flickr CC André Gustavo Stumpf

Brazil minister claims state ‘Never waged drug war’ in face of rising imprisonment for drug offences

Last week at the UN Crime Commission, delegates and experts gathered at a side-event to discuss how to address the HIV epidemic in prisons. The panel all agreed – to achieve the target under Goal 3 of the Sustainable Development Agenda to end the HIV epidemic by 2030 – strong support (including political will and financial resources) has to urgently bededicated to addressing the disproportionatelyhigh rates of people in prison with HIV/AIDS. In my presentation, I explained that as a starting point, prisons should turn to the UN Nelson Mandela Rules and the UN Bangkok Rules on women offenders and prisoners for guidance on this issue.

Prisoners are more likely to have HIV/AIDS than someone in the community. Despite this, prisons are struggling to prevent the transmission of HIV to other prisoners and staff and fail to meet the needs of those who are HIV+. Instead they are frequently isolated and almost always stigmatised. Guidance provided in the UN Nelson Mandela Rules and the UN Bangkok Rules provides a solid starting point for prison administrations’ efforts towards the proper prevention, treatment and care of HIV/AIDS in prison, while upholding the right to dignity of those affected.

HIV/AIDS in prisons can’t be ignored if the world is to move closer to the Sustainable Development Goal 3 on Health

In a discreet corner of the Mwananyamala District Hospital grounds, in Dar es Salaam, a group of young people queue up outside a small window to get their daily fix of methadone. Others are taking refuge from the intense heat in the few shady spots available in the dusty yard behind the low building housing the methadone clinic. There are few women to be seen but that, as explained by Dr Pilly Sahid Mutoka, the Assistant Medical Officer at the clinic, is because women drug users suffer greater stigma than men and are less comfortable about declaring their drug problem.

In recent years, Dar es Salaam has seen an increase in illicit drug use, particularly heroin, as the large port city has become a pit stop for smugglers en route from Afghanistan to Europe and the rest of Africa. The heroin sold is not great quality but it is cheaply available, with one dose costing as little as one US dollar.

Pioneering methadone programme gives hope to thousands in Dar es Salaam

For over half a century there has been a global consensus that drugs should be eliminated through punishment and repression. But this "consensus" has been ripped apart at the seams. Progressively more countries realise repression and punishment have failed. It's time for change.

Join the movement at http://supportdontpunish.org/